Donald Monro opens his work with a dedication to King George III, framing his observations as a practical contribution to the care of soldiers. The preface notes that few authors have written expressly on army distempers, giving the book a claim to public acceptance. Monro compiled these notes while attending British military hospitals in Germany from January 1761 to March 1763, adding footnotes on eminent physicians' practices and cases from St. George's Hospital, London. A small pharmacopoeia is appended to avoid repetition of medicine compositions.

Structure and Scope of the Work

The book is organized as a chronological account of diseases encountered in the German campaign, with separate sections for fevers, fluxes, and other complaints. Monro supplements his army observations with notes on similar cases from civilian practice, citing authorities such as Van Swieten. The inclusion of a pharmacopoeia suggests the work was intended as a practical manual for military surgeons. The preface emphasizes that the author's aim is to alleviate the miseries attending military life, not to produce a theoretical treatise.

Case Histories and Therapeutic Detail

Monro provides specific case narratives, such as a soldier seized with an intermitting complaint in February, who had gripes and purging every second day. The treatment involved bleeding, a saline oily purge, then bark mixed with diascord and gentle opiates at night. The ague and diarrhea stopped quickly, but the patient remained weak until sent to England in April. Such cases illustrate Monro's method: evacuations followed by bark and opiates, with purgatives as needed. He also notes that flatulent swellings of the stomach and bowels often persisted for weeks after the ague left, requiring cordial medicines, bitters, and rhubarb.

Treatment of Periodical Headaches as Agues

In February, March, and April 1761, soldiers at Paderborn complained of periodical headaches returning daily or every second day. The pain was violent, confined to bed, with quick pulse during the attack but cool intervals without fever. Monro treated these as agues of the same type: bloodletting in strong patients, then an emetic and purge, followed by liberal doses of bark. He notes that the urine sometimes deposited sediment as the headache subsided. The footnotes include folk remedies such as garlic poultices to blister the wrists, and a case of cure by fright from immersion in water.

Observations on Convalescence and Chronic Symptoms

Monro records that after the acute stage of ague, many patients continued to suffer from flatulent swellings and weakness for weeks. He distinguishes between cases where the stomach seemed loaded, requiring a vomit, and those where cordial medicines with bark or bitters sufficed. The author's attention to lingering symptoms reflects his concern for the soldier's return to duty. The footnotes cite Cleghorn's practice at Minorca of giving bark after the third period, showing Monro's engagement with contemporary military medical literature.

Monro's account is best read as a field manual rather than a systematic textbook. Readers should attend to the case histories and therapeutic sequences, noting how Monro adapts general principles to individual presentations. The footnotes offer a window into eighteenth-century medical debate, while the pharmacopoeia provides the actual formulas he employed. This work rewards those interested in the practical challenges of military medicine during the Seven Years' War.